April 6, 2021

exoticism romantic period

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It should be noted, however, that throughout the history of music there has been a tension between the Classical and Romantic views of life and art. Stewart, Miller's employer and travelling companion, provided his own descriptions of the Indian in his romantic novel based on his western travels. Its peculiarities which reflect in the artistic, literary and intellectual works of that period, continue to influence artists even in this century. [15] Political and social causes became dominant themes in romantic poetry and prose throughout the Western world, producing many vital human documents that are still pertinent. Romantic music puts unprecedented emphasis on self-expression and individuality of style. This interaction of emotion and scenery is typical of Romantic poetry, whether it involves giving human personality to a natural object, such as a tree, or tying the landscape to the mood of the poet. THE ROMANTIC PERIOD OF MUSIC CHARACTERISTICS: Emphasis on lyrical melodies. [15] The attention to the details of a modest home, the top in the child's pocket, the old grandmother, these too are the stuff of romantic poetry. [2], A notable by-product of the Romantic interest in the emotional were works dealing with the supernatural, the weird, and the horrible, as in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and works by C.R. [15] 6. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Realistic exoticism attempts to portray another music tradition as accurately as possible. Scholars of English literature are prone to make much of the distinction between the Romantic and Victorian Ages, but for our purposes the latter is best viewed as merely a later stage of the former. Gifted loners who challenged traditions/followed personal passions; DEFIES AUTHORITY, rebelling against social constraints in pursuit of INDIVIDUAL INTERESTS. [13] Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this book to your organisation's collection. The style is reminiscent of European romantic paintings of the same period and although the dress and costume of the "bride" is certainly and unmistakably Native American, the "bride" bears no ethnic or racial resemblance to an Indian woman. [10] [15] [21] Romantic poets wrote about the corruption of governments and the human suffering caused by violence. [15] [8] "exoticism" is most properly considered in its predicate form: to exoticize, both through acts of representation and perception. [8] The Late Romantics, composers like Rachmaninov and Mahler, were expanding the . Much of the invented tradition that developed from the early images of the West was based in American interpretations of the European Romantic tradition and grew out of the art and literature that surrounded the American fur trade of the Rocky Mountains. exotic elements. Exoticism was when a composer chose to create music in the fashion of a foreign country. a. A) True B) False. Glorification of Nature. Writers like Owen Wister would build upon the romantic tradition begun by Washington Irving and William Stewart. 1. The future as well as the past, intrigued the romantic imagination, and science fiction became an important genre during this period. Focus on Exoticism and History. It is only very recently that any really significant turning away from Romantic paradigms has begun to take place, and even that turning away has taken place in a dramatic, typically Romantic way. The major works of the movement's five most famous poets — William Wordsworth, George Gordon Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Blake, and John Keats — are represented in this Word Cloud Classics volume. Romanticism (also known as the Romantic era) was an artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. Romantic Music (1850-1900) The word romanticism was first used to describe new ideas in painting and literature, towards the end of the 18th century. [21] [9] [15] Romantic opera in Germany began with the works of Carl Maria von Weber, while Romantic opera in Italy was developed by the composers Gaetano Donizetti, Vincenzo Bellini, and Gioachino Rossini. Although Romanticism perhaps reached its zenith in the lush harmonies, brilliant orchestration, and lyrical melodies of composers like Puccini, Wagner, Brahms, and Tchaikovsky, the latter years of the nineteenth century clearly reveal that continuation of Romantic style would not have proven practical. [2] NATIONALISM AND EXOTICISM: Romantic Period Main Features In nationalism, composers used materials from the history of their native country to highlight their culture. If this is so, then the efforts of the romanticists of the 1830s were successful; the invented tradition is still with us today and even the efforts of revisionist historians to "show the west as it really was" have had relatively little effect on the overall continuing acceptance of the romantic tradition among the American public. [8] [10] For the purposes of this bibliographical article, and reflecting current scholarly usage, we will consider exoticism as a term encompassing the others and as roughly equivalent to Orientalism. Celebration of Artistic Creativity and Imagination. The French Revolution was a major influence on the Romantics, as were the wars and revolutions that followed. By the early twentieth century, the sense that there had been a decisive break with the musical past led to the establishment of the nineteenth century as "The Romantic Era," and as such it is referred to in the standard encyclopedias of music. Some of the major British poets during the Romantic era include William Blake, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Lord Byron. . Introduction. Whereas the Romantic lyric poetry of Coleridge, Shelley, Keats and Wordsworth had a negligible influence outside of their native tongue, the sweep of Byron's longer poems translated well into other languages and other artistic media. 15, No. [7] [10] The first figures on these pages reflect a sort of transition, and consist of three men whose imaginative and visionary paintings had a tremendous impact upon the subsequent romantics, without themselves being painters of the first rank: Henry Fuseli, William Blake, and Francisco de Goya y Lucientes. A round the turn of the 19th century, the Romantic movement began to emerge throughout Europe. [21] [21] [2] Romantic is a derivative of romant, which was borrowed from the French romaunt in the sixteenth century. Romantic orientalism expands the key points of the romantic era of British literature and meshes it with the exotic nature or the oriental fantasy of the east. A) True B) False. In Exploring Classical Music: The Romantic Era, Part 1, we learned how their social situation and music reflected the passionate, emotional aesthetic of the age. The symphony was a new genre in the Romantic era. The INSTABILITY witnessed during this time and represents the FAILURES OF PREVIOUS TRADITIONS. Scholars differ on the relationship between the term exoticism and such other terms as Orientalism, primitivism, medievalism, and archaicism. [16], Elements of both these themes are found in the art of Alfred Jacob Miller, George Catlin, and Karl Bodmer whose landscapes and portraits of the 1830s portrayed the fur trade era in its heyday, although Miller is most clearly associated with pastoralism and Bodmer with scientific exoticism. From these images there came the consolidation of earlier mythical views of a Romanticized West and the invention of two co-existing Romantic traditions: pastoralism and scientific exoticism. Related to Romanticism's deification of Nature was its assumption that goodness and naturalness are synonymous, particularly when it comes to human morality and imaginative endeavor. Puccini’s Turandot, based on the 1762 commedia dell’arte play written by Carlo Gozzi, later translated and re-interpreted to fit the Romantic movement in 1801 by Friedrich Schiller, was based on a Persian tale called Turan-Dokht, or the daughter of Turan, from the epic Haft Peykar (The Seven Beauties) written by the 12th century poet Nizami. Nationalism was an important political movement that influenced 1 9 th-century music. In much of the extensive literature on the subject, exoticism is considered a form of representation in which peoples, places, and cultural practices are depicted as foreign from the perspective of the composer and/or intended audience. A temple style building features a design based on an ancient temple, while a Palladian building is based on Palladio's style of villa construction (see Renaissance Architecture).The third type is the classical block building, described later in this section.. Temple style buildings were uncommon during the Renaissance; architects of . The Romantic landscape is one of human emotion blended with rugged mountains, wild grottoes and untamed countryside. 5. [8] [21] . A) True B) False. [11] 2, Second Movement; the melody and inner voices feature CHROMATICISM, the movement of notes by a half-step, resulting in music that sounds EMOTIONALLY UNSETTLED, ______________ is the quintessential Byronic hero, Theodore Gericault's "The Raft of the Medussa", -Functions as a CRITIQUE of the MONARCHY (for jeopardizing so many lives). [6] Part of the Pennsylvania State University and a division of the Penn State University Libraries and Scholarly Communications, Penn State University Press serves the University community, the citizens of Pennsylvania, and scholars worldwide by advancing scholarly communication in the core liberal arts disciplines of the humanities and social sciences. [21], Very broad survey of exoticism organized by composers’ nationality, interweaving discussion of national styles, nationalism, and exoticism in music and literature. [8] In his Preface to the second edition of the Lyrical Ballads (1801), English poet William Wordsworth declared that "all good poetry is the spontaneous . Although in both Germany and England there was continued interest in the ancient classics, for the most part the Romantics allied themselves with the very periods of literature that the neoclassicists had dismissed, the Middle Ages and the Baroque, and they embraced the writer whom Voltaire had called a barbarian, Shakespeare. [8], It was a fascination that was echoed in the pages of the literary works of Irving and Maximilian and other romantic writers of the period. The Romantic Period ushered in new architectural and structural designs . [15] [8] [21] Emphasis on the activity of the imagination was accompanied by greater emphasis on the importance of intuition, instincts, and feelings, and Romantics generally called for greater attention to the emotions as a necessary supplement to purely logical reason. Abrams, M. H. The Mirror and the Lamp: Romantic theory and the critical tradition. 6. [2] 91. The Romantic period began with the second quarter of the nineteenth century. The idea of rubato (mentioned earlier) wherein the tempo varies is an important aspect of Romantic style. 45. Focus on Exoticism and History Romantic-era literature often has a distinct focus on exotic locations and events or items from history. [11] There are several elements of exoticism in the film Avatar; firstly, Sully, who is the main character, easily embraces the life style of the Na'vi people. [18], Romantic music is more lyrical/programmatic than the dramatic/absolute music of the Classical era. [3], The Romantic period began with the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Romantic Literature is iconoclastic in nature, meaning what? Related to Romanticism's deification of Nature was its assumption that goodness and naturalness are synonymous, particularly when it comes to human morality and imaginative endeavor. Romantic music is a term denoting an era of Western classical music that began in the late 18th or early 19th century. These three composers helped shape this era through the use of the piano and the use of a more supernatural realm style of music. [21] [20] As romantic literature everywhere developed, imagination was praised over reason, emotions over logic, and intuition over science--making way for a vast body of literature of great sensibility and passion. [11], Pioneers of the Romantic period wanted to break away from the conventions of the Age of Enlightenment and make way for individuality and experimentation. [5] [11], The Romantic perception of the artist as the creator is best encapsulated by Caspar David Friedrich, who remarked that "the artist's feeling is his law". Impressionist artists abandoned the grandiose subjects of Romanticism. What was the time period for the emergence of Impressionism and Exoticism in Romantic Music? Without exception, the musical giants of the era were primarily composers of instrumental music. [11] [8] During the Romantic period of the 19th century, ballet developed a preoccupation with the exotic. Romantic music is a term denoting an era of Western classical music that began in the late 18th or early 19th century. [8] [5] At first it meant only "like the old romances" but gradually it began to carry a certain taint. Such exoticism consisted largely of simple stereotypes endlessly repeated, but the Romantic age was also a period in which Europeans traveled more than ever to examine at first hand the far-off lands of which they had read. [6] [2] Thus, Romantic Era tone poems run the full gamut of Romantic Era inspiration, from sharing intense emotional journeys, re-telling stories from Greek mythology or European literature, exploring fantastical settings (both natural and supernatural), and as odes to a country or culture. D) An interest in exoticism and the past. The romanticism inherent in both Catlin and Bodmer paintings and illustrations was more in their choice of subject than in their depiction; and it is in their portrayals of the native inhabitants of the West where both Catlin and Bodmer best combine their romantic visions of nature with a scientific and ethnological approach to subjects that were, for most Americans, highly exotic.

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