April 6, 2021

antimicrobial resistance in eskape pathogens

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Pricop R, Cristea VC, Gheorghe I, Tatu AL, Mihaescu G, Chifiriuc MC. It is a retrospective type of study, extending from 2016 to 2020, that was done by analyzing the annual reports of the microbiology laboratory, within the antibiotic stewardship activities controlled by law in Romania,22,23 in a specialized infectious disease and dermatovenereology hospital with 160 beds in the south-east region of this country. Antimicrobial resistance is a major clinical problem worldwide in treating nosocomial and community-acquired infections caused by ESKAPE pathogens, 26 and this situation is in alarming stage in Nepal as well. Tap card to see definition . Klebsiella pneumoniae sensitivity is reduced in more than one strains for SXT, CIP, GM, MEM, but especially for beta-lactamines, registering a 7.6% resistance to carbapenems and a 24.4% MDR. Ordinul MS nr. 9. Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is one of the biggest threats to global health. Asempa et al. Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on antimicrobial stewardship activities/programs in the United Kingdom. Successive emergence of ceftazidime-avibactam resistance through distinct genomic adaptations in, 38. SEVERE INFECTIONS: Edited by Jean-François Timsit, Resistance trends in Gram-negative pathogens to (a) third-generation cephalosporins (CEF3-R) and (b) carbapenems (CARB-R) from 2014 to 2015. The purpose of this study was to characterize the bacterial aetiology and antimicrobial resistance profiles of culture-positive acute pneumonia, focused on ESKAPE pathogens, in patients Tatu AL, Elisei AM, Chioncel V, Miulescu M, Nwabudike LC. ESBL and carbepenamase enzymes are the main resistance mechanisms affecting beta-lactam agents, although there are important geographic variations in the resistance rates and enzymes distribution. One of the global challenges faced by the mankind is the rapid rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacterial pathogens. For instance, several studies analyzing the population structure of carbapenemase producing Enterobacterales or MDR/XDR P. aeruginosa revealed that these resistant organisms are concentrated in a few clones when compared with the susceptible population. 2021;10(1):42. doi:10.3390/antibiotics10010042, 12. 2021;20:3421–3424. The bacterial isolates were identified by using classical bacteriology methods for microbial culture, on solid media agar-based, followed by biochemical (multi-testing and automated ones – Vitek 2 Compact) and specific antigen testing of the obtained colonies. 18. All authors have drafted, substantially revised and critically reviewed this article. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study (2016- 2020) assessed the antimicrobial resistance of ESKAPE pathogens isolated from the patient's biological samples. Third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales were the most frequently reported MDR bacteria followed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Not only was a significant increase in carbapenem resistant rates (0.6–2.9%) observed worldwide, but a remarkable change in the epidemiology of the different type of carbapenemase enzymes was reported. Niculet E, Chioncel V, Elisei AM, et al. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms. Recognition of AMR is essential in understanding this phenomenon with the aim of updating the local protocols for antibiotic prescription. With regard to expanded spectrum cephalosporin-resistance [extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype], a dramatic increase in Escherichia coli after the 2005–2008 period (4.6–10.4% in 2009–2012) was demonstrated. [21] observing that 99, 100 and 91% of the E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa, respectively, were susceptible to this combination. Table 1 includes 16 antimicrobial compounds in late-stage clinical development phase 2 and later. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) reveals the anaerobic Slakia exigua as unique etiology of a dental abscess. Exp Ther Med. The item(s) has been successfully added to ", This article has been saved into your User Account, in the Favorites area, under the new folder. Rawson TM, Moore LSP, Castro-Sanchez E, et al. A library of six novel phenylhydrazones were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial and resistance modulating activity against a panel of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungal species. Carbapenem nonsusceptibility was observed in 35% of tested isolates, whereas ceftazidime–avibactam and imipenem–relebactam nonsusceptibility were just 7.2 and 8.5%, respectively. Behzadi P, Baráth Z, Gajdács M. It’s not easy being green: a narrative review on the microbiology, virulence and therapeutic prospects of multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa. Epidemiology and treatment of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant, 13. Foodborne Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance bridges technological gaps, focusing on critical aspects of foodborne pathogen detection and mechanisms regulating antibiotic resistance that are relevant to human health and foodborne illnesses ... Thus being said, in the pandemic year of 2020 there was a slight decreasing rate in the numbers of staphylococci and enterococci, while Acinetobacter spp. By 2050, drug-resistant infections could cause global economic damage on par with 2008 financial crisis; 2016. Molecular typing of XDR. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 27:ciaa478. Several HiRCs exemplify the importance of these populations in the ICU ecology, which are frequently involved in cross-transmission events and multiresistance (Table 1). The acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes by ESKAPE pathogens has reduced the treatment options for serious infections, increased the burden of disease, and . The World Bank. Our medicinal chemistry work described here is proof of the success of careful structure activity analyses to optimize a hit scaffold to create a more effective antibacterial agent. Abstract. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2011; 11:477485. This volume focuses on antibiotics research, a field of topical significance for human health due to the worrying increase of nosocomial infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria. 2019;8(3):129. doi:10.3390/antibiotics8030129. AMR, antimicrobial resistance; EU, the European Union; MDR, multidrug resistance; ESKAPE pathogens – Enterococcus faecium – Staphylococcus aureus – Klebsiella pneumonia. Nosocomial outbreak of VIM-1-producing, 33. Exp Ther Med. 2019;38(9):1753–1763. 42. These results highlight the importance of monitoring local epidemiology, which might be relevant for antimicrobial use and stewardship programs. to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). 15▪. It is also fair to say, given what we know about the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in HIV, Plasmodium species, and M. tuberculosis that the lessons learned from their study are unlikely to have a major impact on our understanding of resistance in the ESKAPE bacteria, because of the abundance of plasmids, transposons, and frequent . 14. Antibiotic resistance poses one of the greatest threats to global health today; conventional drug therapies are becoming increasingly inefficacious and limited. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Back to Journals » Infection and Drug Resistance » Volume 14, Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance of ESKAPE Pathogens Over Five Years in an Infectious Diseases Hospital from South-East of Romania, Authors Arbune M , Gurau G , Niculet E , Iancu AV , Lupasteanu G, Fotea S, Vasile MC, Tatu AL, Published 24 June 2021 2016; Stockholm: ECDC, 19. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. 2▪. The resistance analysis was focused on the ESKAPE germs which are monitored globally and regionally within the surveillance networks, and which are in the spotlight for stewardship antibiotic programs: Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp., Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacter spp. 47. Antibiotic resistance (AR) mechanisms are creating an enormous clinical and financial burden on healthcare systems worldwide, and have greatly contributed to newly emerging pathogens, epidemics, and pandemics [1-3].In the US, the CDC reports that at least 2 million people become infected with antibiotic resistant bacteria each year, and at least 23,000 people die as a result of . is funded through a research contract within the Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (RD16/0016/0011). Register your specific details and specific drugs of interest and we will match the information you provide to articles from our extensive database and email PDF copies to you promptly. 800-638-3030 (within USA), 301-223-2300 (international). In this context, the concept of HiRCs has been used to address the importance of successful populations within bacterial pathogenic species [22]. Strich JR, Kadri SS. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. and P.R.-G. are funded by the European Commission, Seven Framework Program (grants R-GNOSIS-FP7-HEALTH-F3-2011-282512) and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III of Spain, Plan Estatal DE I+D+I 2013–2016 (REIPI RD12/0015/0004 and RD16/0016/0011, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases) and cofinanced by the European Development Regional Fund, ‘A Way to Achieve Europe’ (FEDER). 37. Antimicrobial-resistant ESKAPE ( E nterococcus faecium, S taphylococcus aureus, K lebsiella pneumoniae, A cinetobacter baumannii, P seudomonas aeruginosa, and E nterobacter species) pathogens represent a global threat to human health. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Malaysian Journal of Microbiology Published by Malaysian Society for Microbiology Prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC beta-lactamase producing bacteria in urinary tract infection patients in Bangladesh, Prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC beta-lactamase producing bacteria in urinary tract infection patients in Bangladesh, Urinary Pathogens and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Patients with Indwelling Urinary Catheter, High prevalence of multidrug resistance in bacterial uropathogens from Kathmandu, Nepal, Isolation and identification of various Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing uropathogens in a tertiary care hospital, Chhattisgarh. 1101/2016 privind aprobarea Normelor de supraveghere, prevenire și limitare a infecțiilor asociate asistenței medicale în unitățile sanitare. Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, et al. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2016/09/18/by-2050-drug-resistant-infections-could-cause-global-economic-damage-on-par-with-2008-financial-crisis, https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/surveillance-antimicrobial-resistance-europe-2019, https://www.who.int/antimicrobial-resistance/global-action-plan/en/, https://www.hosptm.ro/files/juridic/2016/ordinul_nr._1101_din_07.10.2016.pdf, https://www.cnscbt.ro/index.php/analiza-date-supraveghere/infectii-nosocomiale-1/1309-consumul-de-antibiotice-rezistenta-microbiana-si-infectii-asociate-asistentei-medicale-nosocomiale-in-romania-2017/file, https://epha.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/In-the-red-zone-EPHA.pdf, https://www.who.int/medicines/areas/rational_use/PPLreport_2017_09_19.pdf?ua=1, Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License. Streamlining the microbiological diagnosis and aligning with the European antimicrobial susceptibility testing are necessary steps in harmonizing the regional network for good AMR control practices. Kadri SS, Lai YLE, Ricotta EE, et al. Sarshar M, Behzadi P, Scribano D, Palamara AT, Ambrosi C. Acinetobacter baumannii: an ancient commensal with weapons of a pathogen. The presence of KPC producing Enterobacterales was confirmed in the SMART surveillance study in the United States, whereas in other geographical areas like Turkey the most common carbapenemase was OXA-48 [9,10]. 34. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing the worldwide morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases. According to these data, Romania is one of the leading countries in Europe concerning AMR of invasive infections isolated bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae intermediary resistance to carbapenems 35.9%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CR 52%, Acinetobacter spp. Superantigen profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients with steroid-resistant atopic dermatitis. This book is a compilation of past and recent knowledge in the field of emerging drug resistance. All authors have agreed on the journal to which the article will be submitted and agreed to take responsibility and be accountable for the contents of the article. Community infections, along with medical assistance associated infections (as transfers from other multidisciplinary hospitals), were admitted. According to the report, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur in the U.S. each year, and more than 35,000 people die as a result. The ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) are the leading cause of nosocomial infections throughout the world.Most of them are multidrug resistant isolates, which is one of the greatest challenges in clinical practice. doi:10.3390/antibiotics10020110. On the other hand, a recent publication reported a 2017 survey carried out among physicians working in European ICUs to determinate their perception of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the use of last-line antibiotics [6▪]. The use and misuse of antibiotics has led to an increase in resistant pathogenic bacteria such as the ESKAPE ( E nterococcus faecium (G+), S taphylococcus aureus (G+), K lebsiella pneumoniae (G-), A cinetobacter baumannii (G-), P seudomonas aeruginosa (G-), and E nterobacter species (G-); also including E. Coli (G-)) pathogens, which are a . 2016; Article uropathogens from outpatients in a ID 2475067, 8 pages. The compounds were produced in good yields of 60-92% w/w and characterized using melting point, UV-visible spectroscopy, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H, <sup>13 . Wayne PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2017. Strains isolated (isolates) from catheter cultures registered a frequency of 0.9%, and represented either contaminations or health care associated infections. Tel: +34 91 3368832; e-mail: [email protected]. Antimicrobial stewardship. 8. Paterson DL, Rossi F, Baquero F, et al. Available from: https://www.hosptm.ro/files/juridic/2016/ordinul_nr._1101_din_07.10.2016.pdf. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. 3. On the contrary, less attention was directed at secondary or supra-bacterial infections. Staphylococcus aureus makes up 89.0% from staphylococcal isolates, most of them being obtained from infections located in the skin or soft tissues. Aim: The relevance of surveillance for antimicrobial resistance is increasingly recognised in the light of a global action plan to combat resistance. Bhimraj A, Morgan RL, Shumaker AH, et al. The epidemiology of carbapenem-nonsusceptible. Resistance in isolates of ESKAPE bacteria was the commonest Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 22:106026. ESKAPE pathogens, as acronymically named by the Infectious Diseases Society of America encompass Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter sp., (Pendleton et al. Gajdács M, Albericio F. Antibiotic resistance: from the bench to patients. Likewise, this antibacterial role can also be exerted on germs that are isolated from various isolated skin and mucous membrane diseases, or from systemic ones, either in vivo or in vitro. The final chapter deals with quantitative structure–activity relationships. This book is a valuable resource for microbiologists, chemists, and scientists. 45▪. At present, there are not publications of the COVID-19 pandemic impact in antimicrobial consumption nor those related with the follow-up of surveillance cultures in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients admitted in ICUs. Enterococcus faecium and Acinetobacter baumannii did not raise any resistance problems during this year, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with CR decreased. Huttner BD, Catho G, Pano-Pardo JR, et al. Investigation of SCCmec types I-IV in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran. The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work. Detection in two hospitals of transferable ceftazidime-avibactam resistance in, 39. Outbreak of carbapenem-resistant, 43. Difficult-to-treat antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative pathogens in the intensive care unit: epidemiology, outcomes and treatment. ABR in ESKAPE organisms is usually associated with significant higher morbidity, mortality, as well as economic burden. According to different series, up to 5% of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 needed to be admitted in the ICU [45▪,46]. •  software development by maffey.com Get new journal Tables of Contents sent right to your email inbox, October 2020 - Volume 26 - Issue 5 - p 433-441, https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/news/news/2020/3/who-announces-covid-19-outbreak-a-pandemic, https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/healthcare-associated-infections-intensive-care-units-annual-epidemiological-1, https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/AER_for_2016-HAI_0.pdf, https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/AER_for_2015-healthcare-associated-infections_0.pdf, https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/AER-HCAI_ICU_3_0.pdf, Antimicrobial resistance in ICUs: an update in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic, Articles in Google Scholar by Rafael Cantón, Other articles in this journal by Rafael Cantón, Best practice: antibiotic decision-making in ICUs, Adequate duration of therapy in severe fungal infections, Ventilation of coronavirus disease 2019 patients, Weaning the patient: between protocols and physiology. Ayobami O, Willrich N, Suwono B, et al. 36. Because patients infected by MDR bacteria are increasingly being reported in the ICUs, it is necessary to assess the in-vitro activity of new antibiotics against these microorganisms. Academic Editor: Paul M. Tulkens. Bull World Health Organ. It is of note that coresistances to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were especially high in south and east European areas, where antibiotic use is higher than in north European countries. This classification has been used by the CDC to classify bloodstream pathogens in patients requiring an ICU stay and also to establish mortality risk in patients infected by these microorganisms [4▪▪,5]. Draganescu M, Baroiu L, Iancu A, et al. 1. Healthcare-associated infections acquired in intensive care units. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). and Klebsiella pneumoniae. AMR occurs via a range of resistance mechanisms, such as a modified antimicrobial target, enzymatic hydrolysis/degradation, efflux and impermeability. Volume 2021:14 Pages 2369—2378, Editor who approved publication: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. This study evaluated the antibiotic sensibility of bacteria isolated from biological products taken for diagnostic purposes from hospitalized patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis of coinfections in patients with COVID-19 concluded that only 7% of hospitalized patients presented a bacterial coinfection, but this increased to 14% in studies that only included ICU patients [48,49▪▪]. The increase of antimicrobial resistance in ICUs is mainly due to the spread of HiRCs and is exemplified with the ESKAPE Gram-negative microorganisms. The two volumes included in Antimicrobial Drug Resistance, Second Edition is an updated, comprehensive and multidisciplinary reference covering the area of antimicrobial drug resistance in bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites from basic ... comial pathogens as ESKAPE pathogens [, ]. ESKAPE pathogens are the majority of germs isolated in the infectious diseases hospital, the main AMR problems being ESBL and MRSA. Exp Ther Med. The glycosylated cationic β-peptide PAS8-b-PDM12 sensitizes the drug-resistant ESKAPE Gram-negative bacteria to multiple antibiotics by facilitating penetration through the outer membrane, and by deactivating efflux pump systems, opening an avenue for novel combination therapies for life-threatening bacterial infections. Outbreak of KPC-2-producing, 36. Miller WR, Munita JM, Arias CA. Amin M, Sirous M, Javaherizadeh H, et al. Tatu AL, Nwabudike LC. 54. Bulk reprints for the pharmaceutical industry. The focus on phage therapy has sharpened ever since antimicrobial resistance has been on a dramatic rise.

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