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Brief report: treatment of hepatic failure with ex vivo pig liver perfusion followed by liver transplantation New Engl J Med 1994 331: 234–237, Julvez J, Tuppin P, Cohen S . It is pertinent to examine society's general views regarding using animals as organ donors. In conclusion, due to the unknown (and undeter- minable) moral claim of animals, it seems unrealistic to attempt to use this concept as an argument against utilizing animals for medical therapy, even if it means modifying their genome. Case for Animal Rights University of California Press: Berkeley 1985, Patience C, Takeuchi Y, Weiss R . Between Bioethics and Regulation. Since transgenic animals must endure the transfer of a specific gene in their genome, the severe consequences may be achieved from this insertion. To obtain Keywords:  Transgenic animals, Biotechnology, Ethical considerations, Animals Rights. They tend to have a bad quality life. Hastings Center Report;1997.27(4):34-8. Created by the Best Teachers and used by over 51,00,000 students. Politics and the Life Sciences Journal ;1994.13(2):195-203. The three main monotheistic religions and gm food technology: an overview of perspectives. For example, animal-welfare advocates, such as the British group Uncaged, have raised strong ethical objections to the use of pigs for xenotransplantation. There are many ethical issues and concerns about the use of transgenic animals. (Full Text in Persion). Annals of cardiothoracic surgery Journal; 2000. EduRev, the Education Revolution! (Full Text in Persion), Naeini A, Rabbani M. Islamic viewpoints about animal rights in the Holy Quran and Hadith. Here the discussion then switches from autonomy to justice. An abstracts of ethics and medical law. 13, 9-12, 45-49. Regan's abolitionist view is extreme; he seems to fail to realize that the life-saving medical technology that we possess today could not have been attained without the use of animals. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. Does transgenic manipulation employ using animals as a means to an end? Please read the full Creative Commons License  for further information. Therefore, the protection of animals and consumers rights should be considered if the use of this technology will be continued. Not only could the transplant recipient be risking infection in their own life, but they might also be risking infection to their immediate family, and possibly even society at large. (Full Text in Persion). Science ;1993. For downloading the full-text of this article please click here. In the present study, we investigated the application of transgenic animals, the view of Islam(Shia) to transgenic organisms and genetically modified crops, as well as the need to comply with ethical issues in researches and experiments on animals within the framework of internationally accepted rules and Islamic regulations. Omobowale EB, Singer PA, Daar AS. Emerging technologies need emergent ethical evaluation, as well as evaluation in the post-market phase in order to ensure the goals of medicine in current practice, while considering protection against future harms to society. Xenografting: ethical issues J Med Ethics 1998 24: 18–24, Singer P . On the other hand, when speaking of the genetic manipulation of animals, the focus is generally the enhancement of a ‘healthy’ genome. Transgenic animals due to causing theoretically and practically problems are ethical concerns. The use of genetically modified crops and consequently research and development of technologies related to them are permitted in Shia religion but this permission is subject to observe various aspects of the safety and ethics need to be provided. xenotransplantation journal; 2004.11(4):371-375. For example: disease-resistant or even producing a specific flavor of milk etc, Cost: This time of process can be quite heavy on the wallet and therefor many times the question does arise of is this worth it. (Full Text in Persion). Tehran, Iran. 24. Transgenic Organisms: Ethical Issues A transgenic organism is a type of genetically modified organism (GMO) that has genetic material from another species that provides a useful trait. Most prominently, this argument speaks nothing to the key concept of genetic correction versus genetic enhancement. Frati L, Foà R, Frati P.The patentability of living organisms between science, law and ethics. The ability of both technologies to provide clinical therapy is directly related to the ethical principle of beneficence. Hou S. Expanding the kidney donor pool: ethical and medical consideration. Philosopher Jonathan Hughes predicted the future when he argued that animals used for xenotransplantation purposes will almost certainly be removed from their natural environment, forced to live and breed in a contained, unnatural environment, and subjected to genetic manipulation in order to maximize their transplantation potential.7 Dr Hughes’ concerns are now reality. Kidney International ;2000. Many of these ethical concerns revolve around the well being of other life forms which take place in the process of transgenesis. Although more than 95% of transgenic animals are mice; there also exist transgenic rats, sheep, rabbits, pigs, cow, and fish. Transgenesis in farm animals: ethical implications for public policy. categorizes the types of transgenic animals created to date. With the technology of xenotransplantation still emerging, the infection risk is still unclear. B´eatrice de Montera. This articles can be, printed, archived in a collection, included in course-packs, and distributed without restrictions. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people. 13-19. Like Dr Bamber, these patients indicated they saw no moral distinction between pigs bred for human food and pigs bred for saving lives medically. It is unclear how anyone taking Singer's position can truly quantify and analytically balance pain, suffering, and medical benefit using human and animal models. Medical ; 2009.11 ( 2 ):78-87. DNA manipulated to express an additional ( foreign ).. Liver transplant Publication in any repository ):34-8 Office ; 2003. P. 230-263 these. 26 ): 32-33 as organ donors Azad University, Young researchers Club ; 2007 animal University! 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