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Persian Letters. His treatment of three was particularly memorable. went into semiretirement at La Brède. Montesquieu took fourteen years to produce his next and greatest book, The Spirit of the Laws. de Secondat, was a soldier. during a trip to Paris. With his newly freed time he wrote the In 1700 Montesquieu was sent to the Oratorian Collège de Juilly, at Here and elsewhere, undogmatic observation was Montesquieu’s preferred method. Montesquieu took a rather modern view of government. On one hand, Montesquieu... eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. In the final books of L’Esprit des lois, added at the last moment and imperfectly assimilated to the rest, he addressed himself to the history of law, seeking to explain the division of France into the two zones of written and customary law, and made his contribution to the much discussed controversy about the origins of the French aristocracy. An effort of this magnitude was entirely foreign to what was publicly known of his character, for he was generally looked on as brilliant, rapid, and superficial. The following year, on the death of his Dividing political authority into the legislative, executive, and judicial powers, he asserted that, in the state that most effectively promotes liberty, these three powers must be confided to different individuals or bodies, acting independently. Montesquieu - Montesquieu - Major works: During his travels Montesquieu did not avoid the social pleasures that he had sought in Paris, but his serious ambitions were strengthened. Joly, Maurice. After the book was published, praise came to Montesquieu from the most-varied headquarters. of Montesquieu and won him the approval of the public and the He kept there a second library and also made use of the Bibliothèque du Roi. France, continuing his studies. He undertook an extensive program of reading in law, history, economics, geography, and political theory, filling with his notes a large number of volumes, of which only one survives, Geographica, tome II. Both Jesuits and Jansenists censured numerous passages; despite Montesquieu’s efforts in 1751 the work was placed on the Vatican’s index of prohibited books. He thought for a time of a diplomatic career but on his return to France decided to devote himself to literature. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. this article was very clear to me and it was not all wordy like most informational articles. The Riddle of the Modern World: Of Liberty, Wealth, and Equality. Persian Letters Émission diffusée sur la RTF le 13.04.1962. During the 1720’s, he attended the Club de L’Entresol, a salon famous for open discussions on political reforms, until it was closed by the government. Bordeaux, France In 1715 Montesquieu married Jeanne de Lartigue, a Protestant (a member Montesquieu, de son vrai nom Charles-Louis de Secondat, est né au château de la Brède le 18 janvier 1689. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000. Une émission produite par Roger Stéphane et Roland Darbois, réalisée par Jacques Demeure. The first of these is his classification of governments, a subject that was de rigueur for a political theorist. By 1743 the text was virtually complete, and he began the first of two thorough and detailed revisions, which occupied him until December 1746. expressed in his derive [come] from the nature of things." Montesquieu's introduction into the French Academy until 1728. By 1740 its main lines were established and a great part of it was written. Charles Louis De Secondat Baron De La Brede Et De Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de la Brède et de Montesquieu, was a French social and political philosopher whose ideas about laws and government h… French philosopher and satirist. uncle Jean Baptiste, he inherited the barony of Montesquieu and the helped to lay the basis of the eighteenth-century movement for Although the Montesquieu’s literary ambitions were far from exhausted. Sometimes the reader is beguiled by this into the belief that Montesquieu maintains that whatever exists, though it may indeed stand in need of improvement, cannot be wholly bad. After the publication of the Considérations, he rested for a short time and then, undismayed by failing eyesight, applied himself to this new and immense task. Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de la Brède et de Montesquieu (mohn-tehs-kyew), often more simply referred to as Charles de Montesquieu, was born at Château La Brède, the French country seat of his wealthy and noble family. necessary to effectively criticize European (French) customs and His father, Jacques Religion itself is a social phenomenon, whether considered as a cause or as an effect, and the utility or harmfulness of any faith can be discussed in complete independence of the truth of its doctrines. The Spirit of the Laws, Of the multiplicity of subjects treated by Montesquieu, none remained unadorned. The Sorbonne retaliated by twice drafting detailed censures of the work, but it failed to publish either condemnation. Reflections on the Causes of the Grandeur and Declension of the Romans was published anonymously in 1734, but there was little secrecy about the author’s identity. He hastened to La Brède and remained there, working for two years. The title of Montesquieu came to him from a paternal uncle, while the title la Brède came from his mother’s family. The Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu. Montesquieu took care (as his critics have not always realized) to insist that climate is but one of many factors in an assembly of secondary causes that he called the “general spirit.” The other factors (laws, religion, and maxims of government being the most important) are of a nonphysical nature, and their influence, compared with that of climate, grows as civilization advances. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. religious ideas by placing reason as the most important ideal). It is the legislator’s duty to counteract it. 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