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Hence, developing new animal models of non-obese and non-diabetic NAFLD appears to be both urgent and essential. We are aware that the COVID-19 pandemic is having an unprecedented impact on researchers worldwide. HHS Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov.  |  NAFLD patients often display dyslipidemia. In approach 1 (including high sucrose diet, and high fat and high sucrose diet; Table S1 and S2), the plasma levels of AST and ALT were normal in the control (CON) group, but increased gradually and significantly in both the high sucrose (HS), and the high fat and high sucrose (HFHS) groups at 5 weeks and 10 weeks (Fig. In September, our sister journal Development held its bi-yearly Journal Meeting. 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.05.013 Ann. We'd like to inform you that we have updated our Privacy Notice to comply with Europe’s new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) that applies since 25 May 2018. 2B). All authors were involved in editing the manuscript and approving the submitted version. -, Ann J.-Y., Eo H. and Lim Y. NLM In all four approaches, the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) showed no significant change at any experimental time point when compared to the CON group, regardless of the HF (high fat), HFHC, HS, or HFHS diet groups (Fig. 2016 Oct 15;5(10):1545-1552. doi: 10.1242/bio.020875. B.L., L.Z. 2014 Jul 28;20(28):9330-7. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i28.9330. 2017 May 18;38(3):127-137. doi: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2017.033. Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas. Generally, NAFLD subjects usually display other associated metabolic symptoms including obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (Adams and Lindor, 2007; Angulo and Lindor, 2002; Clark et al., 2002; Targher and Arcaro, 2007). CON, control diet; HS, high sucrose diet; HF, high fat diet; HFHS, high fat and high sucrose diet; HFHC, high fat and high cholesterol diet. Interestingly, when compared with control groups, neither the HF diet, the HS diet, nor the HFHS diet in approach 1, 2 and 4 affected body weight during the experiment (Fig. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. CON, control diet; HS, high sucrose diet; HF, high fat diet; HFHS, high fat and high sucrose diet; HFHC, high fat and high cholesterol diet. 1A). It consists of the characters 'UP' followed by 9 digits, is stable across releases and can therefore be used to cite a UniProt proteome.

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Genomic components encoding the proteome

, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation, Download one protein sequence per gene (FASTA), C:65.1%[S:64.3%,D:0.7%],F:9.1%,M:25.8%,n:12692. In approach 4 (similar to the approach 1, but fed animals high energy diets every other day; Table S1 and S2), the plasma levels of AST and ALT showed no difference among four groups at 4 weeks, but significantly increased in the HFHS group at 8 weeks (Fig. Analysis of plasma biochemical parameters, hepatic histology, and the expression of hepatic lipid metabolic genes revealed that all four approaches led to hepatic lipid accumulation, liver injury and hypercholesterolemia, but had no effect on body weight and adipose tissue generation, or glycemia. (E) Dissections of animals fed on CON diet (normal state) and HFHC diet (fatty liver) from approach 3. Significant difference between the CON diet group and an indicated diet group at the same time point: *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 (ANOVA). Epub 2013 Jan 22. Int J Ophthalmol. We used the combination of different diets in approaches 1 to 4 to treat tree shrews, and found that all high-energy diets lead to hepatic steatosis. Lipids accumulation in the liver is the most remarkable feature of NAFLD in numerous animal models as well as in human patients. As the gold-standard for reflecting hepatic steatosis, pathological section by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is often used to detect liver lipid accumulation in both clinical diagnosis (reviewed by Tannapfel et al., 2011) and animal research (He et al., 2013; Huang et al., 2015; Lee et al., 2015). J. Gastroenterol. Generally, NAFLD in patients is usually accompanied by obesity, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), for which numerous animal models have been generated in order to explore the pathogenesis and therapies of NAFLD. 3). eCollection 2017. Overview. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Scale bars: 100 μm. 10.1111/j.0959-9673.2006.00465.x Interestingly, the expression of all 17 lipid metabolic genes was significantly down-regulated in the HF, HS, and HFHS groups compared to the control group (Fig. © 2020   The Company of Biologists Ltd   Registered Charity 277992. Only the HFHS diet significantly increased the levels of TC, HDL-c and LDL-c (Fig. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 7). -, Anstee Q. M. and Goldin R. D. (2006). For each gene, a single representative protein sequence is chosen from the proteome.

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This is the total number of unique genes found in the proteome set, algorithmically computed. High-energy diets generally enlarge adipose tissues leading to obesity in most experimental animals and humans. Here, four approaches (here called approach 1 to 4) corresponding to the variable compositions of diets were used to treat tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinensis), which have a closer evolutionary relationship to primates than rodents. This raised the question of whether or not the tree shrew could be an alternative animal model specific for the research of non-obese and non-diabetic human NAFLD. NIH You are using a version of browser that may not display all the features of this website.

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